Abstract
Against the backdrop of the Bauhaus centenary in 2019, Encounters with Southeast Asian Modernism examined the history, significance, and future of postcolonial modernism in this region, with partners in four cities – Jakarta, Phnom Penh, Singapore, and Yangon. The project provided a historical perspective on the societal and political upheaval that accompanied the transition to independence after the colonial period in these countries. It also showcased current initiatives in the fields of art, architecture, and science that are committed to the preservation and use of Modernist buildings. In 2020, the project will continue with an exhibition and accompanying program in Berlin.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Tropical architecture, Modern diaspora, Design with climate, Bauhaus, Southeast Asia modern architecture.

Issue 63
Year 2020
Pages 85-88
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/63.A.SV57ESUX

Abstract
The Makkasan Train Factory, opened 110 years ago, is the first industrial estate in Thailand and used to be the biggest hub for train production in Southeast Asia. Nowadays, this huge land of 80 hectares, with direct access from the Savarnabhumi airport rail link, is considered a golden land right in the business center of Bangkok, that attracts real estate investors. A third of the land set aside at the end of last year for the development of a mixed use commercial project as a part of the High Speed Train project. As this land is the last big area of public land in the capital, civic groups for urban heritage conservation and the environment tried to point out its tangible and intangible heritage value hoping that there would be a proper master plan to preserve these values for future generations.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Tropical architecture, Modern diaspora, Design with climate, Makkasan Train Factory, Thailand modern architecture.

Issue 63
Year 2020
Pages 80-84
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/63.A.D5DS2INS

Abstract
The focus of this contribution is on the importance of tropical architecture in the work of Leandro V. Locsin, in the context of post-WWII in Asia. Based in the Philippines, Locsin is immersed in the Christian tradition – the main religion of a country that was dominated by the Spanish crown from the mid 16th-century to 1898, and where the Catholic Church remains powerful across much of the archipelago today. Attention is focused on Locsin’s religious buildings and projects, where he succeeded in giving a new treatment to the tropical architecture of faith-based structures, through the integration of climate considerations and the reinterpretation of vernacular architecture of the Philippines.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Tropical architecture, Modern diaspora, Design with climate, Leandro V. Locsin, Modern churches, Philippines modern architecture.

Issue 63
Year 2020
Pages 76-79
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/63.A.61SVZA7Z

Abstract
The idea of environmental design – or loosely referred to as “tropical architecture” – is an ever-present but underlying discourse in modern Indonesian architectural history. Despite being tentative and, at times, overshadowed by other dominant issues, the quest for climate-related environmental tropical design is apparent in almost every generation of Indonesian architects.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Tropical architecture, Modern diaspora, Design with climate, Indonesian modern architecture.

Issue 63
Year 2020
Pages 70-75
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/63.A.GBS0QKW3

Abstract
The Spanish Pantheon in the Campo di Verano was entrusted to three resident artists at the Academy of Spain in Rome in 1957: architects José María García de Paredes (1924-1990) and Javier Carvajal (1926-2013) and sculptor Joaquín García Donaire (1926-2003). They proposed an open space devoid of religious symbols apart from the chapels around it. This work explores a new direction that moves away from the usual funerary monument: a symbolic space composed of two planes in equilibrium laid out on a smooth platform where there is no distinction between sculpture and architecture. This place is for those who take time to pause here, a permanent abode, to spend time with the absent and the present.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, José Maria García de Paredes, Javier Carvajal, Joaquín Garcia Donaire, Italian modern architecture, Funerary monument.

Issue 62
Year 2020
Pages 94-99
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/62.A.0990J5PI

Abstract
Charles Fulton (1905-1987) was an Australian architect who applied influences of European Modernism, particularly the civic architecture of Willem Dudok, into the design for several hospital projects in regional towns across Queensland, at the same time adapting a climatic responsive rationale to the projects. As with many remote contexts that have been overlooked by a European and American centric focus upon Modern architecture, the account of Australian Modernism has not been widely acknowledged outside its borders, despite a local momentum to effectively document and publish its achievements. Compounding this predicament, Queensland has suffered from its own exclusion relative to the southern states of New South Wales (Sydney) and Victoria (Melbourne), which have always been the dominant centers of the national profession, its conferences and publications. This paper seeks to address these schisms through the presentation of the work of Fulton, demonstrating how even in remote areas of Queensland, thousands of kilometers from major cities, the reach of Modern architecture found a place. Mobilized by the national federal body, the Office of Health and Home Affairs, drive to improve health services across the country post WWI, Fulton became a leading architect to modernize health facilities and brought about a cultural shift in the reception of Modern architecture across the regions.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Healthcare architecture, Form and Function, Healing architecture, Charles Fulton, Australian modern architecture.

Issue 62
Year 2020
Pages 86-93
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/62.A.AGPQON3Z

Abstract
In the mid–20th century in Mexico there was a close link between collective housing production and the most important welfare state in the country. IMSS commenced its brief but active program of housing provision with its 1956 complex of almost 500 apartments, followed by its emblematic projects: the Santa Fe Unit (1957) and the Independence Unit (1960), with around 2,200 dwellings, each one placed among gardens. The agency’s apogee was ruled by a social justice mandate that contributed to having high quality living standards in its complexes.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Living heritage, Modern housing, Housing preservation, Mexican modern architecture, Mario Pani, Santa Fe Housing Unit, Independence Housing Unit.

Issue 51
Year 2014
Pages 85-88
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/51.A.MMTWGCU6

Abstract
The architecture of the Modern Movement in Oporto, Portugal, built between 1940 and 1960, is a recent heritage, whose scant recognition has been accelerating its natural degradation and increasing interventions of questionable quality. On one hand, the technical and structural weaknesses of the architecture of this period can be the cause of accelerated degradation, which are, in part, a consequence of successive experiments of new materials like concrete. On the other hand, we note the absence of disciplinary criteria in contemporary interventions, which suggests the fragility of the legal and logical framework for the material protection of this architectural legacy. This study analyses multi-family housing buildings built in Oporto with undeniable architectural quality and characteristics of the Modern Movement — the Parnaso, Ouro and D. Afonso V buildings. Apart from a reflection on the strategies for renovation, reuse and effective adaptation of these buildings to contemporary living requirements, this study aims to establish a relation between the spatial, technical and social transformations and the preservation of the originality/authenticity of these buildings.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Living heritage, Modern housing, Housing preservation, Porto modern architecture, José Carlos Loureiro, Mário Bonito, Francisco Pereira da Costa.

Issue 51
Year 2014
Pages 80-84
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/51.A.5OOFLF04

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to report on the characteristics of modern architecture in Setif, a town in eastern Algeria, created from scratch during the French occupation. It will be of a particular interest to unveil a part of the puzzle that represents the “backdrop” of modern architecture, in this city. The present paper tries to contain and recognize the different forms of expression of this architecture, through a historical perspective, punctuated by major events in order to shed light on the characteristics of modern architecture in Setif (1930-1962) and by which they were motivated.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Reuse, Renovation, Restoration, Algerian modern architecture.

Issue 52
Year 2015
Pages 86-89
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/52.A.HOAIOJKC

Abstract
This article examines recent and current controversy over the Civic Administration Building (1954- 1966) in Auckland, New Zealand. Unoccupied since the end of 2014, the building’s future is uncertain. Its heritage value is widely recognized by heritage professionals and commentators. Yet Auckland Council, the building’s owner and former occupier, does not recognize its significance and has not scheduled it as a heritage building on its district plan. To the contrary, it has floated the possibility of demolishing it. This article considers the building’s history, significance and possible futures.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Reuse, Renovation, Restoration, Auckland’s Civic Administration, Tibor Donner, New Zealand modern architecture.

Issue 52
Year 2015
Pages 83-85
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/52.A.W7PFMBYY