The Correlativity of Building Form and Urban Space: Swoo-Geun Kim’s Daehangno Projects in Seoul

Abstract
Swoo-Geun Kim’s building projects in the Daehangno area of Seoul provide a remarkable example of how architects can respond to high-density environments. They also illustrate both the theoretical and the practical dimensions of the concept of correlativity, still having the potential to show us a way forward. Inspired by the urban equivalent of a traditional village structure, Kim sublimated into modern building types the fluid indeterminate spaces created by its alleyways and courtyard. This legacy is what has enabled these buildings to survive handsomely for some thirty years amid the omnipresent threat of high-density development in Seoul.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, High density architecture, Urban growth, Modern urban planning, Swoo-Geun Kim, Seoul modern architecture.

Issue 50
Year 2014
Pages 20-27
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/50.A.008PTHX7

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Post-Global? Fantasy and Crisis during the First Decade of the Global Era

Abstract
“Post-global” is a coined word signifying a chaotic state or a transitional period after the violent gale of globalism that created a large gap between the new and the old. Reproving the global power game for having created evil paradises that repress individual evolutions and highest value of lives, the essay attempts to refute the historic and cultural agenda in global standard propagating them as a new paradigm that holds the key to accomplish the global mission, and to conjecture that small plans toward local community would offer guidelines to recur gradually to the state of “milieu”, a collective balance.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, High density architecture, Urban growth, Modern urban planning, Post-global architecture, Asian cities.

Issue 50
Year 2014
Pages 16-19
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/50.A.IUT6RVGY

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Converging Fragments. Seoul: A Portrait of a 21st Century City

Abstract
Seoul is a city of discontinuities, a sequence of fragments that collectively converge to form an urban settlement set against a dramatic natural backdrop. At the heart of Seoul’s DNA is absence, or rather the absence of any grid. Unlike its neighboring capitals – Beijing and Tokyo, Seoul is a capital whose urban fabric expands in direct symbiosis with its topography.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, High density architecture, Urban growth, Modern urban planning, Seoul modern architecture, Korean churches, Contemporary metropolis.

Issue 50
Year 2014
Pages 11-15
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/50.A.MA1H3Z7I

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Introduction

Abstract
In this issue, the parameters for the conservation and documentation of the city are defined through multiple lenses of economy, culture, politics and history reflecting critical and acute positions within the 2014 global hegemony. Following docomomo’s focus, this issue expands the Modern Movement legacy by advocating that the holistic understanding of architecture must include the study of urbanism. Unlike architecture, urbanism is an open-ended organism and its raison d’être is reinforced through layers of history. It is through these layers that we advocate for conservation and documentation.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, High density architecture, Urban growth, Modern urban planning.

Issue 50
Year 2014
Pages 10
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/50.A.ZLVVQI5F

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Old Ditch — New Water

Abstract
The following keynote was presented at the 12th International docomomo Conference that took place in Espoo, Finland, in August 2012. The title refers to the lecture given by an American artist James Turrell at the symposium Permanence in Architecture organized by Virginia Tech in 1998. In architecture and in all arts the new is eroding the old earth and slowly reforming tradition. “Survival of Modern” could be seen as an effort to use the built “modern” environment in a sustainable way. Mikko Heikkinen believes that our challenge is not only to make iconic masterpieces of the Modern Masters to survive but even more what to do with the vast mass of contemporary buildings not found in the architectural guide books. In his presentation, Mikko Heikkinen listed five different cases – five different strategies to make modern to survive: 1) recycling, 2) preserving and restoring the historical milieu, 3) creating a historical and functional collage, 4) preserving a historical fragment and 5) contradiction.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, High density architecture, Urban growth, Modern urban planning, Sustainable architecture, Architectural intervention strategies.

Issue 50
Year 2014
Pages 5-9
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/50.A.QC1GJSX9

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High Density and the Investigations in Collective Form

Abstract
The debates that followed the World Design Conference (WoDeCo, Tokyo, 1960) on the search for a “total Image for the 20th Century” pointed out among worldwide designers, architects and planners, viewpoints and intellectual ideas concerning the future of the city, particularly in the wake of technological and scientific advancement in industry. At the time of the WoDeCo, progressive architects formed the “Metabolism” group and proposed their concepts for dealing with the increasing complexity of the cities rising. Debating over the ideal city and promoting a kind of experimental architecture based on ideas of life styles and communities for a new era, its biological name suggests that buildings and cities should be designed in the same organic way that the material substance of a natural organism propagates adapting to its environment by changing its forms in rapid succession.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, High density architecture, Urban growth, Modern urban planning.

Issue 50
Year 2014
Pages 2-4
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/50.A.ECSQ8MYJ

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Two Mexican Housing Units developed by the Social Security Institute

Abstract
In the mid–20th century in Mexico there was a close link between collective housing production and the most important welfare state in the country. IMSS commenced its brief but active program of housing provision with its 1956 complex of almost 500 apartments, followed by its emblematic projects: the Santa Fe Unit (1957) and the Independence Unit (1960), with around 2,200 dwellings, each one placed among gardens. The agency’s apogee was ruled by a social justice mandate that contributed to having high quality living standards in its complexes.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Living heritage, Modern housing, Housing preservation, Mexican modern architecture, Mario Pani, Santa Fe Housing Unit, Independence Housing Unit.

Issue 51
Year 2014
Pages 85-88
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/51.A.MMTWGCU6

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The Preservation of Authenticity and the Awareness of the Necessary

Abstract
The architecture of the Modern Movement in Oporto, Portugal, built between 1940 and 1960, is a recent heritage, whose scant recognition has been accelerating its natural degradation and increasing interventions of questionable quality. On one hand, the technical and structural weaknesses of the architecture of this period can be the cause of accelerated degradation, which are, in part, a consequence of successive experiments of new materials like concrete. On the other hand, we note the absence of disciplinary criteria in contemporary interventions, which suggests the fragility of the legal and logical framework for the material protection of this architectural legacy. This study analyses multi-family housing buildings built in Oporto with undeniable architectural quality and characteristics of the Modern Movement — the Parnaso, Ouro and D. Afonso V buildings. Apart from a reflection on the strategies for renovation, reuse and effective adaptation of these buildings to contemporary living requirements, this study aims to establish a relation between the spatial, technical and social transformations and the preservation of the originality/authenticity of these buildings.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Living heritage, Modern housing, Housing preservation, Porto modern architecture, José Carlos Loureiro, Mário Bonito, Francisco Pereira da Costa.

Issue 51
Year 2014
Pages 80-84
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/51.A.5OOFLF04

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Women in Modern Neighborhoods: Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky; Jakoba Mulder, Lotte Stam-Beese; and Carmen Portinho

Abstract
From the end of the 19th century women architects had played important roles in the making of the built environment. But their presence and participation in the building of the modern city was a fact that has been forgotten over time. This text introduces the case study of the proposals made by four women: Margarete Schütte Lihotzky, Jakoba Mulder, Lotte Stam-Beese and Carmen Portinho. They are just a sample to show the importance of women’s contribution in the building of better housing and neighborhoods.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Living heritage, Modern housing, Housing preservation, Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Jakoba Mulder, Lotte Stam-Beese, Carmen Portinho.

Issue 51
Year 2014
Pages 74-79
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/51.A.M2WWVTW8

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Poker Faces: Seeing Behind the Mask of Convention

Abstract
“Poker Faces” interrogates the category of modernity in the history and criticism of domestic architecture, examining the relationship between formal innovation — typically used as our measure of originality — and planning innovation, in which new ways of living and experiencing the home are enabled through the translation of unconventional programs into interior spaces. Two examples of houses built for women clients — William Brainerd’s Colonial Revival “SCARAB” in Wellesley, Massachusetts (1907), built as a home for Professor Katharine Lee Bates and her life partner, Professor Katharine Coman; and Richard Neutra’s Constance Perkins House, in Pasadena, California (1955) — suggest that sometimes the most radical households lie behind self-protectively diffident façades.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Living heritage, Modern housing, Housing preservation, Scarab House, William Brainerd, Constance Perkins House, Richard Neutra, USA modern architecture.

Issue 51
Year 2014
Pages 68-73
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/51.A.1L2KLCWN

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