Abstract
The following keynote lecture was presented at the 12th International docomomo Conference that took place in Espoo, Finland, this past August 2012. The author began his lecture thanking the Chair of docomomo International, Ana Tostões, and all docomomo members and friends who have done so much to ensure that the now historical heritage of Modernism might be saved for the future. Following the stimulating talks of John Allan and Mark Pasnik, he entered what for many in this field was a territory that was at least ambiguous if not impossible to accept: that the so–called Brutalist buildings of the period 1960 to the late 70s would one day be the urgent object of attention for those interested in preservation and conservation.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Brutalism, Conservation of modern architecture.

Issue 47
Year 2012
Pages 4-9
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/47.A.Q0J80HCU

Abstract
The following keynote lecture was presented at the 12th International docomomo Conference that took place in Espoo, Finland, in August 2012. The author, an active member of docomomo since its creation, used this opportunity to do what is traditional when someone ‘comes of age’, that is, use it as a milestone to look back at where docomomo came from, and forward to what it might become.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Docomomo, Rehabilitation of modern architecture.

Issue 48
Year 2013
Pages 4-9
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/48.A.ARQJ9CCL

Abstract
The following keynote lecture was presented at the 12th International docomomo Conference that took place in Espoo, Finland, in August 2012. The document here presented is based on an essay written for the “Human Experience and Place: Sustaining Identity III” Conference at the Victoria & Albert Museum that took place in London on 29th November, 2012.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Architectural education, Education of modern architecture , Cultural identity , Tradition and newness in architecture, Responsible architecture .

Issue 49
Year 2013
Pages 4-9
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/

Abstract
The following keynote was presented at the 12th International docomomo Conference that took place in Espoo, Finland, in August 2012. The title refers to the lecture given by an American artist James Turrell at the symposium Permanence in Architecture organized by Virginia Tech in 1998. In architecture and in all arts the new is eroding the old earth and slowly reforming tradition. “Survival of Modern” could be seen as an effort to use the built “modern” environment in a sustainable way. Mikko Heikkinen believes that our challenge is not only to make iconic masterpieces of the Modern Masters to survive but even more what to do with the vast mass of contemporary buildings not found in the architectural guide books. In his presentation, Mikko Heikkinen listed five different cases – five different strategies to make modern to survive: 1) recycling, 2) preserving and restoring the historical milieu, 3) creating a historical and functional collage, 4) preserving a historical fragment and 5) contradiction.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, High density architecture, Urban growth, Modern urban planning, Sustainable architecture, Architectural intervention strategies.

Issue 50
Year 2014
Pages 5-9
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/50.A.QC1GJSX9

Abstract
In the course of the 20th century, housing became a science due to the huge efforts of progressive architects and their great interest in addressing this issue that had been raised with major political impact by Engels in the first half of the 19th century. The concern of modernist architects with these new problems facing the population, prompted advanced designs that are still regarded as exemplary in the history of urbanistics. In the 1930s, housing complexes in Moscow, Berlin, Frankfurt and Rotterdam constituted role models for other cities. They even became banners of housing and a strategy of social innovation in Vienna, with Karl Ehn’s Karl-Marx-Hof, and in Amsterdam, with Michel de Klerk’s Het Schip. Housing design became something rational, almost like a science, and the CIAM (International Congresses of Modern Architecture) provided the framework of discussion for the functionalist vanguard that channeled this concern. However, the misuse of these models by commercial architecture and the scant adaptation of their proposals have turned this experience into something from the past that requires fresh consideration. In this respect, and in view of present-day society’s new paradigms, this article aims to cast some light on new approaches that can be introduced in response to the old problems existing between housing and city.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Living heritage, Modern housing, Housing preservation, Urban growth, Housing need.

Issue 51
Year 2014
Pages 4-9
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/51.A.SBJOXT1A

Abstract
The following article is an edited version of the keynote presented at the 13th International docomomo Conference that took place in Seoul, Korea, on September 2014. The paper discusses how “Western” architecture was first introduced to Korean soil: a French Catholic missionary-architect built the Seoul Cathedral at the end of the 19th century. American and Canadian architects built educational buildings for the Protestant missionary-founded colleges in Korea. Japanese civil servant architects built some public buildings during the colonial rule. The work of two prominent Korean architects, Kim Chung-Up and Kim Swoo-Geun are discussed. The author discusses his education at Mies van der Rohe’s Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) in mid-1950s, his work for the Master during the 1960s, and his teaching at IIT 1966 and 1978. He describes how his dual position of teaching at IIT and working for Mies gave him the opportunity to work on three projects of importance: the Mies Retrospective in Berlin in 1968; the exhibition proposal for the extension of the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston of 1969; the Toronto-Dominion Bank executive floor and Banking Pavilion of 1966–1968. The author discusses several works of Mies van der Rohe to “demystify” the general perception that Mies was a rigid aesthetician: how Mies van der Rohe would arrive at design decisions not always sticking to the module, grid and geometry, contrary to the conventional reading of his architecture. The author then discusses five works from his three decades of practice with sac International in Seoul, highlighting where Mies’ influences might be found in these works: the Korea Military Academy Library of 1982; Seoul Hilton Hotel of 1983; the Weight-lifting Gymnasium for ‘88 Seoul Olympics of 1986; Kyongju Museum of Art of 1991; and the SK Group Office Building in Seoul of 1999. The paper also reflects on its relationship to the main theme of the recent International docomomo Conference in Seoul, Expansion and Conflict.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Reuse, Renovation, Restoration, Mies van der Rohe, Korea modern architecture.

Issue 52
Year 2015
Pages 4-9
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/52.A.RWD0UW0T

Abstract
The following article is an edited version of the keynote address presented at the 13th International docomomo Conference that took place in Seoul, Korea, in September 2014. In this essay, Fumihiko Maki's urban design theory and practice are traced through nearly 60 years of written and built work. Extensive travel and observations of village formations (under the auspices of the Graham Foundation) in 1958, research and writing "Investigations in Collective Form" at Washington University in St. Louis, and associations with the Metabolist Group and Team X are elements which Maki has stitched together to form his understanding of urban architectural group form strategies. These strategies have been tested in a variety of projects throughout Japan and elsewhere; together with his texts, they form a continuing body of work that exhibit how successful, quality urban environments are created.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Conservation of modern architecture, Fumihiko Maki, Metabolism, Team X, Japanese modern architecture, Modern urban planning.

Issue 53
Year 2015
Pages 4-11
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/53.A.C4GWDAQ3