Abstract
Today there is a new wave of co-housing internationally. Co-housing is here understood as collaborative housing, based on collaboration between residents on cooking and house maintenance, a new phenomenon since the 1980s. Sweden has a tradition since early modernism of kollektivhus, collective houses, in multi-family dwellings with employed staff managing household work. In Sweden today there are only some 40 true kollektivhus or co-housing projects, while ordinary Swedish postwar multi-family dwellings have common facilities that potentially would make them co-housing. Co-housing is often seen as a sustainable house form, but a problem is that they mainly reach middle-class residents.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Modern housing, Post-war housing, Welfare architecture, Mass housing, Collective housing, Swedish modern architecture, Kollektivhus, Co-housing, Hässelby Family Hotel, Carl-Axel Acking, Kollektivhuset Trädet, hsb architects, Kollektivhuset Stacken, Lars Ågren.

Issue 65
Year 2021
Pages 92-97
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/65.A.78U9KN9V

Abstract
Public housing is an important part of the heritage of the 20th century that deserves preservation, but is in danger of being demolished or unrecognizably altered. The United States, which saw the construction of such government sponsored projects, largely between 1930 and 1975, is no exception. In the last four decades government efforts have continued to shift towards financial incentives for private initiatives for design, construction and property management. This housing legacy, if being preserved, still needs to be improved so it can continue to serve as affordable housing in the 21st century.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Modern housing, Post-war housing, Welfare architecture, Mass housing, USA modern architecture, Preservation of modern architecture, Demolition of modern architecture.

Issue 65
Year 2021
Pages 84-91
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/65.A.08I5WHU3

Abstract
The present text traces the post war slum clearance program in Sydney, Australia, that saw the construction of modern blocks of flats drawn from international examples of rehousing schemes. This State-funded urban renewal program continued from the late 1940s until the 1980s. Many of the blocks of flats are slated for demolition, yet no overall assessment of their design quality or detailed discussion of the range of building forms or apartment layouts has been undertaken. There is a danger that these well-designed blocks will vanish rather than be retrofitted and that this unparalleled demonstration of modern housing progress by the State of New South Wales will be incomplete.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Modern housing, Post-war housing, Welfare architecture, Mass housing, Sydney modern architecture, Sydney slum clearance program, Preservation of modern architecture, Demolition of modern architecture.

Issue 65
Year 2021
Pages 78-83
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/65.A.NJU1HE8E

Abstract
In the teeming context of the 1970s, the Cité Avanchet-Parc is an undeniably original achievement, representative of the approach – above all cultural – of a generation of architects who sought to experiment with new urban and architectural forms in response to current practice. The satellite precinct is also a sign of skillful construction, undoubtedly pioneering in the context of the 1970s and which is still today, half a century later, the essence of its relevance to the present. An exemplary experience, the Cité Avanchet-Parc today deserves renewed recognition.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Modern housing, Post-war housing, Welfare architecture, Mass housing, Geneva modern architecture, Cité Avanchet-Parc, Franz Amrhein, Peter Steiger, Walter Maria Förderer, Experimental housing, Preservation of modern architecture, Renovation of modern architecture, Energy performance.

Issue 65
Year 2021
Pages 70-77
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/65.A.Y1ZP6CEH

Abstract
The neighborhoods of Olivais Norte (1960), Olivais Sul (1963) and Telheiras Sul (1974) are paradigmatic examples of the Portuguese State’s response to the housing shortage that was acknowledged in Lisbon, in the period of the post-WWII. Featuring a varied catalogue of architectural trends, this series of projects demonstrated extensive structural, formal, and spatial experimentation that revealed the concerns and quest by their designers to respond to the need for “housing for the greatest number”. What all three projects shared was that they were large scale, publicly financed, started out with similar programs, and that various architectural teams were involved in each of them. The fact that they succeeded one another chronologically enables a critical reading to be made of the evolving interpretation of the Modern Movement in Lisbon, and the pursuit of modernity as an attitude that valued universality, rationality, and a fair response to new social orders.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Modern housing, Post-war housing, Welfare architecture, Mass housing, Lisbon modern architecture, Olivais Norte, Olivais Sul, Telheiras Sul.

Issue 65
Year 2021
Pages 56-69
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/65.A.CAH2R2X9

Abstract
Among the Italian initiatives for social and material reorganization in the aftermath of WWII, the most interesting was undoubtedly the INA-Casa Plan. The plan was designed to counteract widespread unemployment in the construction sector and aimed to provide new and modern social housing to the poorer classes, thus simultaneously responding to the housing emergency. During the 14 years between 1949 and 1963, architects designed, and construction companies built a housing patrimony of remarkable quality, which now becomes an opportunity to develop strategies of urban revitalization.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Modern housing, Post-war housing, Welfare architecture, Mass housing, Italian modern architecture, INA-Casa Plan, Arnaldo Foschini, Adalberto Libera, Urban revitalization strategies.

Issue 65
Year 2021
Pages 50-55
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/65.A.UM4KVUFJ

Abstract
This study considers the role of management guidelines in regulating the pressures for change in large housing estates where heritage constraints are involved but where the use of formal enforcement procedures would be unrealistic and uneconomical. The author’s experience in creating such documents indicates the importance of cultivating a sustainable consensus among stakeholders that balances respect for and understanding of architectural and historic significance with a realistic acceptance of the need for change. The author suggests that the success of such instruments depends upon three crucial attributes – fairness, usability and resilience. The examples, all in London, include the Barbican, Golden Lane and Brownfield.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Modern housing, Post-war housing, Welfare architecture, Mass housing, Heritage management guidelines, Architecture conservation strategies, London modern architecture, Barbican Estate, Chamberlin, Powell & Bon, Golden Lane Estate, Brownfield Estate, Ernő Goldfinger, Avanti Architects.

Issue 65
Year 2021
Pages 42-49
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/65.A.F4UHCGJP

Abstract
There is a hidden gem in the Amsterdam garden cities. Jaap Bakema was the founder of an experiment in the 1950s. A piece of “Rotterdam in Amsterdam.” Based on the philosophy of an open society and the human scale. Forty years after completion, there is a call for renewal. The architect’s heritage ends up on the demolition list. Due to the economic crisis, demolition has been postponed and there was time for reflection. The neighborhood seems to survive the test of time. The careful renewal proves to be a great success. This is a story about the resurrection of a Bakema experiment.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Modern housing, Post-war housing, Welfare architecture, Mass housing, Collective housing, Garden city, Amsterdam modern architecture, Jaap Bakema, Bakema-experiment, Bakemabuurt, Renovation of modern architecture.

Issue 65
Year 2021
Pages 36-41
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/65.A.TZMSSTJ3

Abstract
This paper examines the history of Pedregulho Housing Neighborhood, built between 1948 and 1960 by the Department of Popular Housing in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from the first concepts to the restoration in 2015. Conceived by the urbanists Carmen Portinho and Affonso E. Reidy, it became one of the most emblematic works of modern Brazilian architecture. After years of neglect, in 2015 housing Block A of the neighborhood underwent restoration, one of the only such projects on social housing complexes in Latin America. The paper discusses the housing complex’s history, focusing on the intervention and restoration project, its criteria and challenges, and also the aims and demands by the residents during the works.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Modern housing, Post-war housing, Welfare architecture, Mass housing, Rio de Janeiro modern architecture, Pedregulho Housing Neighborhood, Carmen Portinho, Affonso Reidy, Restoration of modern architecture.

Issue 65
Year 2021
Pages 28-35
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/65.A.EMTOIA80

Abstract
This article explores the contribution of Unidad Vecinal Portales – built in Santiago de Chile by the studio Bresciani, Valdés, Castillo y Huidobro – to the debates on social housing in Chile between the 1940s and 1960s. A series of radical decisions, put into action in the complex, demonstrate a deep exploration at the urban, typological, and aesthetic levels. This exploration has given life to an important case study in Chile and Latin- America, where urban and architectural challenges of the second half of the 20th century blend harmoniously

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Modern housing, Post-war housing, Welfare architecture, Mass housing, Santiago modern architecture, Unidad Vecinal Portales, Bresciani, Valdés, Castillo y Huidobro, Restoration of modern architecture.

Issue 65
Year 2021
Pages 22-27
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/65.A.DTPWO1DY