Art and Architecture, a Synthesis

Abstract
The late CIAM discussions, namely the ones that took part in the scope of the Bergamo Conference in 1947, brought social and intensive public aspirations. Between North and South, the new world retook the European avant-garde issues implementing the most collective values for a better future to come. Giedion’s Architecture You and Me or the struggle for a New Monumentality, were the placed questions that received an extraordinary eco from American Architecture which emerged with a creative energy. Therefore, in our days, the aim is to deepen understand the process and to find the paths for the future. A future that we may create with such awareness that may, generously, give us the tools for increase nowadays architecture and city planning.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Art and architecture, Modern art.

Issue 42
Year 2010
Pages 2-5
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/42.A.S6E4WGHX

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Arie Sivan, 1940-2010. In Memoriam

Abstract
Designer, architect, educator, researcher, critic, polemicist, Arie’s multifaceted and ceaseless activity was, sadly, cut short just a week after his participation and lectures at the docomomo Congress and Icomos in Mexico, last August. His formative years at the Architecture faculties in Montevideo, Uruguay, and the Technion in Haifa during the late sixties, were decisive for his long lasting belief in the Modern Movement instrumental role in the creation of “A new society” and, in his words, “A creative relation between people, their environment and their time”.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Arie Sivan, Israeli modern architecture.

Issue 43
Year 2010
Pages 85
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/43.A.6LNDGTPH

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Civic and Social Infrastructure Conservation through Modern Architecture intervention. Embassy of Chile in Argentina 1966-2009

Abstract
Modern heritage is not protected in Chile. Most of Chilean modern architectural heritage stands without an official decree protecting it from being modified or even demolished. This is a consequence of having state-controlled organisms in charge of the protection and defense of architectural heritage that use almost exclusively the building’s age as main criteria for its appraisement. From this point of view it seems difficult that constructions that are only between 40 and 90 years old may catch the attention of heritage preservation government officials. However negative the situation which, in the majority of cases has led to the systematic violation of constructions that constitute valuable records of the status of disciplinary and cultural discussion of Modern Architecture, the following case, paradoxically, couldn’t have crystallized the way it did, if the building had been officially protected, and neither could the docomomo–Chile group could have played a protagonic role in its management

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Embassy of Chile in Argentina, Echeñique, Cruz and Burchard, Chilean modern architecture, Conservation of modern architecture.

Issue 43
Year 2010
Pages 82-84
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/43.A.W81A0P91

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Belmopan: a New Capital for a New Country

Abstract
As the British colony of British Honduras prepared for independence, it adopted two important symbols of its emerging identity; the name of Belize was chosen for the new country and a new capital was planned from which this emerging nation would be governed. That new capital was called Belmopan and was to be established inland from the old coastal capital of Belize City. Designed by the British planning and architectural firm of Norman and Dawbarn, this new city followed in the tradition of British Garden City planning, making discrete references to the Mayan heritage of the region, while using the modernist architectural vocabulary typical of so much of the infrastructural development taking place at this time in various nations emerging from colonial status.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Modern urban design, Belmopan urban plan, Belizean modern architecture, Tropical architecture.

Issue 43
Year 2010
Pages 78-81
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/43.A.SMV82DGU

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Molotov Sotsgorod

Abstract
The sky is low above Motovilikha. Making our way along a muddy street, in the timid light of this part of the Urals we see emerging before us a silhouette of carbonated concrete, an iron structure rusting in the cold, whose plaster panels between pilasters suggest a construction site of dubious standards. It is difficult to believe that eighty years before this old workers’ club designed by constructivist architect P. Golosov (Gladyshev, 2008) provided the early Soviet society with up to three hundred thousand meals a day (Semyannikov, 2002). An emblem of the new socialist urbanisation, not only was the workers’ canteen meant to rescue the woman from her kitchen slavery, it was also supposed to be a place capable of generating the new social structure by becoming a venue for festivals and shows in the evenings.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Modern urban design, Molotov, Sotsgorod, Soviet industrial towns.

Issue 43
Year 2010
Pages 74-77
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/43.A.KYCHZ0IL

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Transcontinental Modernism. M&G as an Unité d’habitation and a factory complex in Mozambique

Abstract
With the aim of contributing to the documentation and conservation of the modern architectural heritage, this paper presents Monteiro & Giro Complex (M&G), built during the 50’s in Quelimane, Mozambique, with the goal of stressing the modernity of the social program and the technological approach. If one wants to gain a better understanding of the worldwide Diaspora of architectural modernism, it is essential to document and analyse the important heritage of sub–Saharan Africa. Modern architectural debates have been reproduced, transformed, contested and sometimes even improved in distant lands and overseas territories. These contradictory aspects of Modernist practice are revealed in the programmatic, technological and structural M&G industrial Complex.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Modern urban design, Monteiro & Giro Complex, Mozambican modern architecture, Modern diaspora.

Issue 43
Year 2010
Pages 70-73
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/43.A.2BIF8AUU

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The Itamaraty Palace in Brasilia

Abstract
This article explores the headquarters of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Brazil, the Itamaraty Palace which is one of the most important buildings designed by Oscar Niemeyer in Brasilia. Besides the constructive complexity, in this project the architect organizes and ranks several spatial correlations, making the palace terrace - the varanda - its great architectural surprise.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Brasilia modern architecture, World Heritage, Modern urban design, Oscar Niemeyer, Itamaraty Palace.

Issue 43
Year 2010
Pages 66-69
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/43.A.D7ROBAKF

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Brasilia, the Palace of Congress and their Urban Changes

Abstract
The Palace of Congress in Brasilia, designed by Oscar Niemeyer in 1958, played an effective role in defining its urban context. Lúcio Costa`s original competition sketches show one tower, with a domed horizontal building. Niemeyer conciliated the different levels of the frontal Esplanade and of the lower Plaza behind, rotating it, and placing two domes and two towers instead of one, representing the two legislative institutions housed. The building presence amidst a vast green area became the main symbol of Brasilia. In the last 50 years, however, its surroundings gave place to several new institutional buildings designed by Niemeyer himself.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Brasilia modern architecture, World Heritage, Modern urban design, National Congress Palace, Oscar Niemeyer, Three Powers Plaza, Lúcio Costa.

Issue 43
Year 2010
Pages 60-65
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/43.A.4FXZMOEC

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The Restoration of the Alvorada Palace

Abstract
This article describes the highly successful restoration of Alvorada Palace completed in 2005 by Sergio Valle Brasileiro. After situating the importance of the Alvorada within Niemeyer’s overall oeuvre and describing the original design, the dilapidated state of the building at the turn of the 21st century is described. The details of the restoration, including meetings with Oscar Niemeyer about specific design decisions and consultation with IPHAN, and the challenge of sourcing new materials to match the original, such as jacaranda - now protected by IBAMA - are also studied. The Alvorada serves as an example for the restoration of other Modernist buildings in Brazil.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Brasilia modern architecture, World Heritage, Modern urban design, Alvorada Palace, Oscar Niemeyer, Conservation of modern architecture, Restoration.

Issue 43
Year 2010
Pages 56-59
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/43.A.SY8TKPXX

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Athos Bulcão and the Architecture of Brasilia

Abstract
This essay aims to show Athos Bulcão’s artworks integrated into architecture in Brasilia, his career and partnership and the significance of his work as a precious legacy for the city. The artwork of Athos Bulcão not only reveals beauty and colors but an architectural identity that reflects a successful partnership between modern architecture and fine arts in Brazil. Brasilia is the high mark of modern movement where Athos Bulcão became a unique artist with the skill to amalgamate his art into architecture.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Brasilia modern architecture, World Heritage, Modern urban design, Athos Bulcão, Plastic arts and architecture.

Issue 43
Year 2010
Pages 52-55
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/43.A.Z15N6G7E

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