Abstract
Swoo-Geun Kim’s building projects in the Daehangno area of Seoul provide a remarkable example of how architects can respond to high-density environments. They also illustrate both the theoretical and the practical dimensions of the concept of correlativity, still having the potential to show us a way forward. Inspired by the urban equivalent of a traditional village structure, Kim sublimated into modern building types the fluid indeterminate spaces created by its alleyways and courtyard. This legacy is what has enabled these buildings to survive handsomely for some thirty years amid the omnipresent threat of high-density development in Seoul.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, High density architecture, Urban growth, Modern urban planning, Swoo-Geun Kim, Seoul modern architecture.

Issue 50
Year 2014
Pages 20-27
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/50.A.008PTHX7

Abstract
“Post-global” is a coined word signifying a chaotic state or a transitional period after the violent gale of globalism that created a large gap between the new and the old. Reproving the global power game for having created evil paradises that repress individual evolutions and highest value of lives, the essay attempts to refute the historic and cultural agenda in global standard propagating them as a new paradigm that holds the key to accomplish the global mission, and to conjecture that small plans toward local community would offer guidelines to recur gradually to the state of “milieu”, a collective balance.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, High density architecture, Urban growth, Modern urban planning, Post-global architecture, Asian cities.

Issue 50
Year 2014
Pages 16-19
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/50.A.IUT6RVGY

Abstract
Seoul is a city of discontinuities, a sequence of fragments that collectively converge to form an urban settlement set against a dramatic natural backdrop. At the heart of Seoul’s DNA is absence, or rather the absence of any grid. Unlike its neighboring capitals – Beijing and Tokyo, Seoul is a capital whose urban fabric expands in direct symbiosis with its topography.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, High density architecture, Urban growth, Modern urban planning, Seoul modern architecture, Korean churches, Contemporary metropolis.

Issue 50
Year 2014
Pages 11-15
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/50.A.MA1H3Z7I

Abstract
In this issue, the parameters for the conservation and documentation of the city are defined through multiple lenses of economy, culture, politics and history reflecting critical and acute positions within the 2014 global hegemony. Following docomomo’s focus, this issue expands the Modern Movement legacy by advocating that the holistic understanding of architecture must include the study of urbanism. Unlike architecture, urbanism is an open-ended organism and its raison d’être is reinforced through layers of history. It is through these layers that we advocate for conservation and documentation.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, High density architecture, Urban growth, Modern urban planning.

Issue 50
Year 2014
Pages 10
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/50.A.ZLVVQI5F

Abstract
From the end of the 19th century women architects had played important roles in the making of the built environment. But their presence and participation in the building of the modern city was a fact that has been forgotten over time. This text introduces the case study of the proposals made by four women: Margarete Schütte Lihotzky, Jakoba Mulder, Lotte Stam-Beese and Carmen Portinho. They are just a sample to show the importance of women’s contribution in the building of better housing and neighborhoods.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Living heritage, Modern housing, Housing preservation, Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Jakoba Mulder, Lotte Stam-Beese, Carmen Portinho.

Issue 51
Year 2014
Pages 74-79
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/51.A.M2WWVTW8

Abstract
“Poker Faces” interrogates the category of modernity in the history and criticism of domestic architecture, examining the relationship between formal innovation — typically used as our measure of originality — and planning innovation, in which new ways of living and experiencing the home are enabled through the translation of unconventional programs into interior spaces. Two examples of houses built for women clients — William Brainerd’s Colonial Revival “SCARAB” in Wellesley, Massachusetts (1907), built as a home for Professor Katharine Lee Bates and her life partner, Professor Katharine Coman; and Richard Neutra’s Constance Perkins House, in Pasadena, California (1955) — suggest that sometimes the most radical households lie behind self-protectively diffident façades.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Living heritage, Modern housing, Housing preservation, Scarab House, William Brainerd, Constance Perkins House, Richard Neutra, USA modern architecture.

Issue 51
Year 2014
Pages 68-73
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/51.A.1L2KLCWN

Abstract
In the early 20th century in Portugal, a new architecture was produced as the offspring of different references, conforming to a process of “Portugueseness” based on the picturesque. From the beginning of the dictatorship in 1926, the State took advantage of that phenomenon to sublimate nationalist values. Through the first programs of mass housing construction, the single-family house became an object of consumption and a cornerstone of national identity. The search for identity brings together different architectures across the century featuring a renewed Portuguese sentiment infused with different perspectives on the “homeland”, its history and its culture.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Living heritage, Modern housing, Housing preservation, Portuguese modern architecture, Estado Novo, Affordable housing.

Issue 51
Year 2014
Pages 60-67
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/51.A.1V7PRY77

Abstract
The 60s was a decade of profound change in Brazil. The federal capital was transferred to Brasília, which represented the realization of the ideal of the modern city envisaged at CIAM IV. Modern architecture, which in its Brazilian version, was characterized by the Escola Carioca (Rio de Janeiro School), gave way to the São Paulo avant-garde, concerned with truth to materials and social aspirations. In politics we saw the shift from a democratic government to a military dictatorship, which sought to legitimize itself through the creation of a state funding system to solve the nation’s housing deficit. These factors created the conditions for the development of a series of housing projects, including the exemplary project discussed in this paper.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Living heritage, Modern housing, Housing preservation, São Paulo modern architecture, Zezinho Magalhães Prado, Vilanova Artigas, Paulo Mendes da Rocha, Fábio Penteado.

Issue 51
Year 2014
Pages 54-59
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/51.A.5F4D2G02

Abstract
The housing deficit in Buenos Aires exceeds 143,000 dwellings. Fortunately, the city has ninety years of social housing experience to draw research from. Does this problem require new ideas or can it be studied from the existing examples? The essay proposes a quick overview of ten housing projects that were built in the 20th century and that represent different models of collective housing. One of them, Juan xxiii Complex — absent in the historical revisions — stands out for its design, size and integrated vision of the community. Architects and students committed to the city and its housing deficit should study this unpublished project.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Living heritage, Modern housing, Housing preservation, Housing need, Buenos Aires modern architecture.

Issue 51
Year 2014
Pages 48-53
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/51.A.5ZKZMV04

Abstract
At the beginning of the 70s in Bogotá, Colombia, an experimental housing project tried to respond, with adaptable and intelligent solutions, to the challenges of an increasingly urbanized country. It utilized a Low-Rise, High-Density (LRHD) urban system that enhanced the flexibility and the incremental process of housing units cells. This paper aims first, to explain the historical background and the objectives of an experimental project in a Latin American context; then to expose its innovative architectural proposals and finally, to evaluate its evolution in its 5th decade of existence.

Keywords
Modern Movement, Modern architecture, Living heritage, Modern housing, Housing preservation, El Tunal Experimental, Low-Rise High-Density, Emesé Ljjasz de Murcia, Bogotá modern architecture.

Issue 51
Year 2014
Pages 40-47
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.52200/51.A.48YL3PDT